125 assisted living facilities in Ellis County, TN have costs between $1,250 to $7,315, have input from 1,178 reviews, and 64% have photos. Seniors in assisted living would appreciate Ellis County, Tennessee, for its welcoming community and resources tailored to their needs. The county boasts the Ellis County Senior Center, a hub for social activities, nutritional programs, and fitness classes that foster engagement and well-being among seniors. The nearby Margaret McMurray Park features walking trails and picnic areas ideal for outdoor enjoyment. Additionally, local healthcare facilities like the Ellis Medical Clinic offer specialized services catering to elderly residents, ensuring that health needs are conveniently met.
Buffalo Creek Assisted Living & Memory Care is a welcoming facility known for its attentive staff, personalized care due to a small resident population, engaging activities, and well-maintained environment that fosters a sense of community among residents.
Great Staff
Morada Waxahachie
Waxahachie
4.2 from 36 reviews
$2,695 to $2,795 per month
Morada Waxahachie is praised for its compassionate staff, inviting atmosphere, quality cuisine, and engaging activities, making it a strong option for families seeking supportive assisted living care.
Friendly Staff
Brookdale Waxahachie
Waxahachie
4.2 from 63 reviews
$3,885 to $5,055 per month
Brookdale Waxahachie has received mixed feedback from residents and families, highlighting concerns over care quality, inconsistent services, and food options, while also acknowledging the dedication of staff and a welcoming atmosphere, indicating a need for potential improvements in operations and oversight.
New Facility
Arabella of Red Oak
Red Oak
4.3 from 29 reviews
$2,940 to $5,135 per month
Arabella of Red Oak offers a beautiful environment and engaging activities, but potential residents should carefully consider fluctuating care quality, communication issues, and dining experiences amidst initially positive impressions.
Friendly Staff
Midtowne
Midlothian
4.4 from 49 reviews
$3,800 to $7,245 per month
Midtowne Assisted Living is praised for its compassionate staff and engaging activities, but potential residents should be aware of staffing inconsistencies and communication issues that could impact care.
Cleanliness
Springbrook House
Midlothian
5 from 3 reviews
$3,300 to $4,300 per month
Lakewood House Assisted Living offers a home-like, intimate environment with attentive staff, personalized care, clean facilities, engaging activities, and communal meal times, making it an excellent choice for families seeking quality support for their elderly loved ones at a competitive price.
Community
Legacy Oaks of Midlothian Senior Living
Midlothian
4.3 from 43 reviews
$2,320 to $5,000 per month
Legacy Oaks is praised for its caring staff, engaging activities, and well-maintained environment, but potential residents should be aware of mixed reviews concerning food quality, staffing shortages, and varying service consistency.
New Facility
Arabella Of Red Oak
Red Oak
5 from 7 reviews
Arabella of Red Oak is a modern, beautifully designed senior living community that offers a variety of cozy accommodations, exceptional dining prepared by a chef, engaging activities for social interaction, and integrated technology for convenience, all provided by attentive staff in an immaculate setting.
Great Staff
Brookdale Ennis
Ennis
4.6 from 45 reviews
$3,795 to $4,075 per month
Brookdale Ennis is praised for its attentive staff, including dedicated management, engaging activities, and personalized care that enhances residents' well-being despite some concerns about additional service costs.
Friendly Staff
A Daughters Care
Desoto
4.7 from 6 reviews
A Daughter's Care - Shenandoah House offers personalized and compassionate care in an intimate, well-maintained environment, with engaging activities, nutritious meals tailored to residents' preferences, and a strong focus on emotional well-being.
Home Like Environment
Deer Creek Senior Living
Desoto
4.2 from 34 reviews
$2,850 to $3,350 per month
Reviews of Deer Creek Assisted Living and Brookdale DeSoto reveal a mix of positive feedback on staff and cleanliness, alongside concerns about food quality, theft incidents, staffing levels, and care consistency that potential residents should consider.
Medication Management
A Daughters Care
Lancaster
5 from 2 reviews
A Daughter's Care - Cedarbrook House is highly recommended for its comprehensive services, personalized care, cleanliness, and warm engagement from staff, particularly Ms. Davis, creating a welcoming environment for residents.
Great Staff
Meadow Creek Senior Living
Lancaster
4.2 from 20 reviews
$2,250 to $2,750 per month
Meadow Creek Senior Living offers spacious rooms, diverse activities, and attentive staff, while Brookdale Lancaster is known for its aesthetic appeal and excellent food, and Sterling House is appreciated for its cozy atmosphere and friendly service.
Friendly Staff
Morada Cedar Hill
Cedar Hill
4.3 from 50 reviews
$1,595 to $2,820 per month
When selecting an assisted living facility, potential residents should consider the positive aspects of staff friendliness and cleanliness alongside critical issues related to food quality, communication, and maintenance that may affect daily life.
Friendly Staff
Cedar Hill Assisted Living
Cedar Hill
4 from 14 reviews
Cedar Hills Senior Living and Brookdale Cedar Hill offer varying levels of care and engagement for seniors, with Cedar Hills praised for its caring environment but criticized for tour preparedness and activity options, while Brookdale features adequate living conditions but faces concerns over independence requirements and engagement during visits.
Meadow Creek Assisted Living
Lancaster
4.5 from 6 reviews
Meadow Creek Senior Living offers a clean, inviting environment with friendly staff and engaging activities, but its higher costs may make alternatives like Brookdale Lancaster's vibrant community or Sterling House's attentive service more appealing to potential residents.
Great Staff
Angels of Hands Assisted Living
Lancaster
4.8 from 5 reviews
$3,000 per month
Angels of Hands Home Health Care in Lancaster, TX is highly regarded for its compassionate staff, commitment to patient needs, transparency, and willingness to assist with care resources, making it an excellent choice for those seeking home health services.
Cleanliness
Cedar Hills Senior Living
Cedar Hill
3.8 from 45 reviews
$2,700 to $3,300 per month
When choosing an assisted living facility, families should consider the importance of accurate medical evaluations, consistent staffing, activity programming, and cleanliness, as highlighted in reviews of Cedar Hills Senior Living and Brookdale Cedar Hill.
Compassionate Care
Hackberry House
Lancaster
5 from 2 reviews
$1,500 to $2,500 per month
Hackberry House offers compassionate and dignified care, ensuring residents receive individualized attention and support, creating a safe and nurturing environment for those in need.
Friendly Staff
Highlands Village Senior Living of Mansfield
Mansfield
5 from 48 reviews
$3,400 to $4,695 per month
Highlands Village Senior Living offers a warm, welcoming atmosphere with engaging activities, delicious meals, dedicated staff providing personalized care, and a convenient one-story layout for enhanced accessibility.
Amazing Care
Freemans Assisted Living
Desoto
5 from 1 review
$1,800 to $2,500 per month
An exceptional establishment in Desoto, Texas, offers compassionate and personalized care that profoundly transforms lives, making it a highly recommended choice for those seeking supportive assistance.
Friendly Staff
Morada Cedar Hill Assisted Living and Memory Care
Cedar Hill
3.9 from 27 reviews
$2,570 to $4,250 per month
Morada Cedar Hill Assisted Living and Memory Care is praised for its caring daytime staff and communication, but significant concerns exist regarding night shift responsiveness, potential neglect incidents, medication management issues, and limited resident engagement.
Supportive Environment
GoodLife Senior Living Duncanville
Duncanville
4.5 from 26 reviews
$2,500 to $4,250 per month
GoodLife Senior Living community is praised for its warm, home-like atmosphere, cleanliness, compassionate staff, flexible visitation policies, and engaging daily activities that foster a sense of belonging for residents.
Passionate Living
Cedar Hill
1 from 1 review
The facility exhibited significant design flaws hindering supervision, inadequate night monitoring, pest infestations indicating poor cleanliness, and an uninviting atmosphere detrimental to resident comfort and safety.
Great Staff
Brookdale Mansfield
Mansfield
4.5 from 94 reviews
$3,960 to $4,215 per month
Brookdale Mansfield offers a secure, intimate environment with compassionate staff, engaging activities, and a strong sense of community support, making it an appealing choice for families seeking personalized assisted living care.
Friendly Staff
Walnut Creek Assisted Living and Memory Care
Mansfield
4.4 from 55 reviews
$3,632 to $6,330 per month
Walnut Creek Assisted Living & Memory Care is highly praised for its clean and inviting atmosphere, attentive and friendly staff, personalized care, strong community engagement through diverse activities, and clear communication with families.
Oxford Glen At Grand Prairie
Grand Prairie
4.7 from 6 reviews
Oxford Glen at Grand Prairie is highly regarded for its cleanliness, engaging activities that foster socialization among residents, and attentive, caring staff, making it a desirable choice for families seeking a supportive assisted living environment.
Great Food
Highlands Village Senior Living
Mansfield
4.8 from 6 reviews
Highlands Village Senior Living is a welcoming, well-managed facility with accessible one-story design, attentive staff, vibrant community interactions, appealing dining options, and a supportive environment that fosters comfort and engagement for residents.
Cleanliness
Abby's Place
Grand Prairie
4.8 from 12 reviews
$4,500 to $7,000 per month
Abby's Place is a compassionate and clean assisted living facility where dedicated staff provide personalized care and maintain open communication with families, fostering a nurturing environment that feels like home.
Community
Cedar Bluff Assisted Living and Memory Care
Mansfield
4.7 from 62 reviews
$2,795 to $4,900 per month
Cedar Bluff Assisted Living and Memory Care offers a clean, modern environment with spacious rooms, friendly staff, and engaging activities for residents.
Brixton Village for the Elderly
Lancaster
1 from 1 review
$2,000 per month
The home rental facility for seniors lacks essential accessibility features, has dilapidated furniture, and presents an overall uninviting atmosphere, making it unsuitable for those with mobility challenges.
Friendly Staff
Legend of Mansfield
Mansfield
4.7 from 46 reviews
$4,380 to $7,315 per month
Legend of Mansfield is highly regarded for its compassionate staff, engaging activities, clean facilities, and a strong sense of community that fosters well-being and connection among residents.
Pinnacle Assisted Living
Desoto
2.6 from 7 reviews
$1,500 to $2,500 per month
Reviews of assisted living facilities reveal significant variability in staff care, cleanliness, cost-effectiveness, dining quality, and resident social interactions, highlighting the importance of thorough research for families seeking suitable accommodations.
Helpful Staff
Cedar Bluff
Mansfield
4.6 from 5 reviews
Cedar Bluff Assisted Living and Memory Care offers a warm, engaging environment with friendly staff, appealing dining options, beautiful outdoor spaces, and well-designed accommodations that promote social connection and resident autonomy.
Great Staff
Morada Grand Prairie
Grand Prairie
4.5 from 50 reviews
$2,670 to $3,620 per month
Morada Grand Prairie is an assisted living community praised for its caring staff, cleanliness, and engaging activities, though some residents have noted concerns about pricing, variety in activities for different mobility levels, and recent food service challenges.
Cleanliness
Echelon Place
Mansfield
4.3 from 6 reviews
$3,200 to $3,750 per month
Echelon Place is a well-regarded senior care home known for its compassionate, personalized care and welcoming atmosphere, though it could improve social interaction opportunities and staffing levels to enhance resident experiences further.
Great Staff
Mayberry Gardens Assisted Living & Memory Care
Grand Prairie
4.5 from 36 reviews
$3,000 per month
Mayberry Gardens is a modern assisted living community praised for its friendly staff, engaging social activities, and home-like environment that fosters personal connections among residents, despite some challenges with staffing consistency.
Great Staff
Isle At Watercrest Mansfield
Mansfield
4.4 from 62 reviews
$4,325 to $6,345 per month
Isle at Watercrest Mansfield and Isle at Raider Ranch receive positive feedback for their attentive staff, engaging activities, high-quality dining, and comfortable environments, providing families with peace of mind about their loved ones' well-being.
Great Staff
Graceful Arms Senior Living
Duncanville
5 from 1 review
Graceful Arms Senior Living in Duncanville, TX offers a warm environment with personalized care services, delicious meals, engaging activities, and convenient amenities to support a comfortable and active lifestyle for residents.
Kind Staff
Tender Care Home for Adults 2
Arlington
4.6 from 12 reviews
$2,500 to $3,000 per month
Tender Care Home is highly praised for its compassionate staff, personalized care, nutritious meal options, clean environment, and strong caregiver-resident relationships, making it an ideal choice for families seeking quality assisted living.
Cleanliness
Destiny Rose Residential Care
Dallas
4.8 from 13 reviews
$2,800 to $4,600 per month
Destiny Rose Residential Care Facility offers a loving, secure environment with dedicated staff led by Ms. Toni, ensuring personalized care, emotional support, and memorable experiences for residents while fostering a strong sense of community and family values.
Spears House Of Care
Dallas
3.4 from 5 reviews
$1,600 to $1,900 per month
Prospective families evaluating assisted living facilities should consider contrasting testimonials highlighting management quality, caregiver engagement, safety, affordability, and the availability of activities to ensure their loved ones' needs are met effectively.
The Villages of Dallas
Dallas
4.5 from 4 reviews
$1,400 to $2,900 per month
The Villages of Dallas offers well-maintained facilities with attentive staff and engaging communal spaces that enhance resident quality of life, though some accommodations may require aesthetic updates to improve comfort.
Trinity Residential Care
Dallas
5 from 1 review
$2,000 per month
Trinity Residential Care in Dallas, TX offers a warm, fully furnished environment for seniors with personalized support, delicious meals, engaging daily activities, and convenient access to nearby amenities.
Griffins Homecare Haven
Dallas
5 from 1 review
$1,700 to $2,419 per month
Griffin Homecare Haven offers a warm, family-like atmosphere with exceptional staff, high cleanliness standards, and strong emotional support for residents, making it an ideal choice for assisted living.
Hazels Home Care Dallas
Dallas
2 from 1 review
$1,500 per month
The investigation into an aging residence reveals a troubling scene of neglect, clutter, safety hazards from disorganized wiring, and an unsettling mystery surrounding the unexplained absence of a resident named Hazel.
Emotional Support
Aventine At Kessler Park
Dallas
4.6 from 20 reviews
$2,495 to $3,095 per month
When seeking an assisted living facility, consider places like Meridian at Kessler Park that offer excellent services, a welcoming atmosphere, knowledgeable staff, engaging community activities, and high-quality dining experiences to enhance residents' quality of life.
Clean
24 Hours Home Care
Arlington
4.3 from 6 reviews
$2,800 to $3,000 per month
This assisted living facility offers exceptional personalized care led by a dedicated RN owner and skilled caregivers, ensuring residents' well-being in a beautiful environment, making it highly recommended for anyone seeking quality support for their loved ones.
Great Staff
A Castle Rock Community
Arlington
4 from 21 reviews
$3,200 to $3,600 per month
Castle Rock Community offers a mix of commendable amenities and staff kindness but is marred by serious concerns regarding care quality, reports of neglect, theft, and inadequate staffing and management oversight.
Personal Attention
New Era Assisted Living
Arlington
4.3 from 8 reviews
$2,500 to $3,500 per month
New Era Assisted Living offers a warm, family-like atmosphere, dedicated caregivers, and improved food quality in a smaller community setting, making it a compelling choice for those seeking a more personalized assisted living experience.
Excellent Service
Oaks Assisted Living
Dallas
3 from 2 reviews
$2,500 per month
Oaks Assisted Living has mixed reviews, with some residents highlighting the caring staff, excellent meal planning, engaging activities, and reliable services, while others criticize its outdated conditions and limited space.
L & A Care
Arlington
4 from 2 reviews
When seeking an assisted living facility, families should prioritize personalized care and thorough vetting over initial impressions of organization and cleanliness, as demonstrated by contrasting experiences with two providers.
Personalized Care
The Estates At Grand Prairie
Grand Prairie
1.9 from 9 reviews
$1,400 to $2,400 per month
The Estates at Grand Prairie has significant safety concerns, including reports of staff distrust, medication mismanagement, poor hygiene, inadequate security, and a need for modernization.
Coles Residential Home
Dallas
2 from 1 review
$2,500 to $3,500 per month
Coles Residential Home in Dallas, TX offers personalized assisted living care and a variety of amenities, but potential residents may find limitations in available therapeutic activities or specialized care options.
Professional Care Facility 3
Desoto
$3,000 to $4,000 per month
The Professional Care Facility 3 in Desoto, TX, offers comprehensive services and amenities for seniors but may lack personalized care plans and specialized activities for residents with unique needs.
Castle Rock Assisted Living
Arlington
Castle Rock Assisted Living in Arlington, TX offers a range of care services and amenities to support residents' comfort and well-being, but potential concerns may include the need for 24-hour supervision and assistance with daily living activities.
Bakers Home
Dallas
Bakers Home in Dallas, TX offers fully furnished assisted living with various amenities, though it may fall short on personalized care and engagement for residents seeking a more tailored experience.
Gilgal Home Assisted Living
Grand Prairie
$4,000 per month
Gilgal Home Assisted Living in Grand Prairie, TX offers a supportive environment with amenities and care services for seniors, but potential residents should be aware of limited dining options outside the community.
God Is Love Personal Care Home
Desoto
God Is Love Personal Care Home in Desoto, TX offers personalized assistance for seniors with daily activities, nutritious meals, engaging activities, and a supportive community, but it may lack extensive medical facilities on-site.
Anthony's Community Home
Lancaster
Anthony's Community Home in Lancaster, TX, offers personalized assistance with daily activities and various amenities for seniors, but potential residents may find limited privacy and a lack of individualized care plans.
Stella Rd Assisted Living
Dallas
Stella Rd Assisted Living in Dallas, TX offers a range of amenities and support for seniors, but may lack personalized attention due to its focus on accommodating multiple residents at once.
Albert Assisted Living Facility
Dallas
4 from 2 reviews
$2,000 to $3,000 per month
Albert Assisted Living is a welcoming, small care home renowned for its delicious meals, compassionate caregivers, cleanliness, and active resident engagement in social activities, making it a nurturing environment for individuals seeking personalized care and community support.
Della's Residential Care
Dallas
Della's Residential Care in Dallas, TX, offers a supportive community with personalized care and amenities, but may lack certain specialized medical services and advanced healthcare resources.
Inspirational Care
Dallas
$1,500 to $2,000 per month
Inspirational Care in Dallas, TX offers personalized support for seniors with high acuity needs, but residents may face limitations on privacy and independence due to the close-knit nature of the community and structured activities.
Jennys Resident Group Care 3
Dallas
Jennys Resident Group Care 3 in Dallas, TX offers personalized assistance for daily activities, nutritious meals, and engaging activities, but potential residents might find limited nearby dining and healthcare options.
Mojicare Residential Care Center
Cedar Hill
Mojicare Residential Care Center in Cedar Hill, TX, offers assisted living with amenities like nutritious meals and daily activities but may lack personalized care for diverse needs.
Renon Assisted Living
Grand Prairie
$2,500 to $3,500 per month
Renon Assisted Living in Grand Prairie, TX offers a comfortable and engaging environment for seniors with personalized care services, but potential residents should consider their need for specialized assistance in diabetes and incontinence care.
Angel Hands
Dallas
Angel Hands in Dallas, TX offers comprehensive care services for seniors, including assistance with daily living activities and medication management, but may lack the privacy of individual apartments and provide limited personal space.
Family Ties Senior Citizen Home
Grand Prairie
$2,800 to $3,500 per month
Family Ties Senior Citizen Home in Grand Prairie, TX, offers personalized care services and a vibrant lifestyle for seniors, but may lack specialized medical support and comprehensive health services.
Powderly Place
Lancaster
Powderly Place in Lancaster, TX, offers an inviting assisted living environment with various services and amenities for seniors, but potential drawbacks include the need for assistance with daily activities and reliance on staff for medical coordination and medication management.
Good Life Senior Living
Duncanville
Good Life Senior Living in Duncanville, TX offers a comfortable atmosphere with daily activities and personalized care, but potential residents may find limitations in available recreational choices and the potential for reliance on staff for daily assistance.
Rising Sun Residential Care Facility 2
Desoto
Rising Sun Residential Care Facility 2 in Desoto, TX offers comfortable living with personalized care services, but it may lack extensive outdoor activities and social engagement options for residents.
Halo Residential Care Homes
Grand Prairie
4 from 3 reviews
$2,500 to $3,000 per month
This facility impresses families with its clean and inviting environment, friendly and professional staff, and commendable quality of care that fosters meaningful connections and individualized attention for residents.
Legend Of Mansfield
Mansfield
Legend Of Mansfield offers a variety of amenities and services in a supportive environment, but potential residents should consider the limitations in specialized medical care and the nature of communal living.
Shield Of Faith Assisted Living
Dallas
Shield Of Faith Assisted Living in Dallas, TX offers a warm and supportive environment with amenities for comfort and convenience, but may not provide extensive personalized care beyond basic assistance with daily living activities.
Home Sweet Home Loving Care Assisted Living
Arlington
Home Sweet Home Loving Care Assisted Living in Arlington, TX offers personalized care and a range of amenities for seniors, but may involve an overwhelming transition process and adjustments to receiving assistance with daily living activities.
Renaissance Assisted Living
Dallas
Renaissance Assisted Living in Dallas, TX, offers a warm environment with exceptional care services, but may lack privacy and independence due to its communal living setup.
Ada M King Adult Foster Home
Dallas
Ada M King Adult Foster Home in Dallas, TX provides a supportive environment for seniors with assisted living needs, featuring daily activities, meal accommodations, and convenient access to amenities, but may not cater to all preferences or dietary needs.
Talco House
Dallas
Talco House in Dallas, TX provides a supportive assisted living environment for seniors with comfortable accommodations and personalized care, but the focus on daily activities may not appeal to everyone.
The Villages Of Dallas Post Acute Rehabilitation & Senior Living
Dallas
The Villages Of Dallas offers a comprehensive range of assisted living services and amenities, including 24/7 care, meal management, and social activities, although residents may experience limitations in independence due to the level of care provided.
Trinity Faith's Place
Dallas
Trinity Faith's Place in Dallas, TX, offers personalized assisted living care in a welcoming environment, but may not provide extensive activities beyond scheduled events or offer nearby entertainment options.
Blessings Of Love
Dallas
Blessings Of Love in Dallas, TX, offers a range of amenities and care services but may lack personalized attention due to its focus on scheduled daily activities for residents.
Accessible Living
Grand Prairie
Our assisted living community in Grand Prairie, TX offers comfortable living with assistance for daily activities, but may not cater to all personal preferences or provide 24/7 medical supervision.
Hazel's Home Care
Dallas
$1,500 per month
Hazel's Home Care in Dallas, TX, offers a nurturing assisted living environment with personalized care, modern amenities, and convenient access to essential services, but it lacks mention of specific activities that might promote deeper engagement or specialized programs for varied interests.
Faith Ministries Of Texas
Dallas
$5,152 per month
Faith Ministries Of Texas in Dallas offers a comfortable assisted living environment with personalized care, but residents may face limited dining options outside the community and potential isolation without regular outdoor activities.
Still Management
Grand Prairie
Still Management in Grand Prairie, TX offers a variety of amenities and personalized care services for assisted living residents, but potential drawbacks may include limited accessibility to certain healthcare facilities and specific dietary accommodations.
V S Morales Personal Care Home For The Aging
Dallas
V S Morales Personal Care Home For The Aging in Dallas, TX offers personalized assistance with daily activities and a homelike environment, but may have limited dining options and could lack some recreational facilities for active engagement.
Darnell Residential Care
Dallas
Darnell Residential Care in Dallas, TX offers a supportive living environment for seniors with customizable care, but may lack privacy due to shared spaces and potential limitations on personal independence.
Mayberry Gardens Grand Prairie
Grand Prairie
Mayberry Gardens Grand Prairie offers a supportive assisted living environment with furnished rooms, meal services, housekeeping, outdoor spaces, and assistance with daily activities, but may lack sufficient recreational or social engagement options for residents.
The Haven Home
Desoto
The Haven Home in Desoto, TX is a welcoming board and care home offering fully furnished accommodations, delicious meals, medical assistance, outdoor spaces, transportation services, Wi-Fi access, and daily activities for seniors to enjoy.
Considerations for seniors living in Ellis County, TN
Affordable cost of living: Ellis County has a lower cost of living than many other areas in Tennessee, making it affordable for seniors on a fixed income.
Access to quality healthcare: The county is home to several medical facilities and hospitals offering top-notch healthcare services.
Scenic landscape: The county's beautiful landscape offers a peaceful and serene environment for seniors who enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing or bird watching.
Strong sense of community: Ellis County has a small-town feel where people look out for each other, making it easy for seniors to build strong social connections.
Senior centers and programs: Ellis County has several senior centers offering fitness classes, art programs, educational workshops, and social events for older adults.
Safe neighborhoods: Crime rates are generally low in the county, thereby providing a safe and secure environment for seniors.
Accessible transportation: Seniors can easily travel around the county through its reliable public transportation system that connects them to neighboring cities and towns.