95 independent living communities in Canby, OR have costs between $925 to $8,192, have input from 2,528 reviews, and 93% have photos. Seniors in an independent living community would appreciate Canby, Oregon, for its welcoming atmosphere and abundance of resources tailored to their needs. The city offers the Canby Adult Center, which hosts a variety of programs such as fitness classes, arts and crafts, and social events that foster community engagement. Additionally, the proximity to scenic locations like the Clackamas River and Canby Pioneer Museum allows for leisurely outings while embracing local history. With nearby healthcare facilities and parks designed for accessibility, Canby's focus on senior-friendly amenities makes it an ideal place for older adults to thrive.
SpringRidge at Charbonneau offers a vibrant community with welcoming staff, excellent dining experiences and diverse activities that promote social engagement and a sense of belonging among residents, though there are occasional concerns about communication and staff turnover.
Great Staff
Brookdale Wilsonville
4.5 from 59 reviews
$1,775 to $3,565 per month
Brookdale Wilsonville offers a welcoming atmosphere with friendly staff, attractive living accommodations, and convenient proximity to shopping areas, making it a commendable option for those seeking Independent Living.
Home Like Environment
The Ridge at Oregon City
4.4 from 19 reviews
$2,350 to $3,698 per month
Avamere at Berry Park offers a welcoming atmosphere with friendly staff, engaging activities, and a clean environment, but has issues with maintenance and management turnover that potential residents should consider.
Friendly Staff
Cascade Park
4.8 from 33 reviews
$1,695 to $2,750 per month
Cascade Park Retirement Community offers a supportive environment with all-inclusive amenities, engaging social activities, spacious living arrangements, and a convenient location, making it an appealing option for seniors seeking independent living.
Friendly Staff
Meadows Courtyard
4.1 from 31 reviews
$1,825 to $2,375 per month
Meadows Courtyard is a welcoming independent living community praised for its friendly staff and social activities, though prospective residents should consider the variability in apartment quality and dining flexibility.
Friendly Staff
Country Meadows Village
4.3 from 56 reviews
$2,700 to $3,900 per month
Country Meadows Village offers a warm, community-oriented atmosphere with spacious apartments, engaging activities, and attentive staff, although some concerns about scale, maintenance, and dining services were noted.
Great Food
The Stafford
4.9 from 21 reviews
$4,396 to $8,192 per month
The Stafford in SW Portland is a highly regarded independent living community known for its luxurious environment, excellent dining experiences with diverse menus, engaging activities that promote social interaction, and attentive staff dedicated to resident comfort and well-being.
The Ackerly At Sherwood
4.9 from 35 reviews
The Ackerly at Sherwood is highly recommended for its caring staff, vibrant social activities, exceptional dining experiences, and inviting environment that together enhance residents' quality of life in an independent living setting.
Great Staff
The Springs at Sherwood
4.6 from 18 reviews
$3,490 to $5,680 per month
The Springs at Sherwood is a highly praised community known for its engaging and professional staff, warm atmosphere, diverse activities tailored to residents? interests, and strong family involvement that fosters a sense of belonging.
Friendly Staff
Holiday Vineyard Place
4.2 from 88 reviews
$2,649 to $3,859 per month
Vineyard Place offers a friendly community with attentive staff and engaging activities, though experiences vary widely regarding food quality, management responsiveness, and social opportunities for residents.
Great Food
Mount Angel Towers
3.7 from 37 reviews
$1,550 to $2,500 per month
Mount Angel Towers is a popular independent living community known for its spacious, well-maintained apartments, restaurant-style dining, engaging social activities, and a friendly atmosphere in a beautiful rural setting.
Great Food
The Springs at Carman Oaks
4.5 from 40 reviews
$3,700 to $6,700 per month
The Springs at Carman Oaks is a vibrant Independent Living community that offers a warm atmosphere, engaging social activities, and quality dining experiences, all while prioritizing residents' well-being through compassionate staff support.
Great Food
Mary's Woods at Marylhurst
4.1 from 13 reviews
Mary's Woods is a highly regarded independent living community known for its spacious two-bedroom units, quality dining options, friendly staff, and engaging activities in an appealing and updated environment.
Friendly Staff
Summerfield Estates Retirement Community
4.4 from 52 reviews
$2,500 to $3,700 per month
Summerfield Retirement Estates offers affordable living with a vibrant community atmosphere, quality meals, and supportive staff, but potential residents should be aware of management inconsistencies and financial practices that may affect service quality.
Medication Management
Oswego Place By Bonaventure
3.8 from 34 reviews
$4,300 to $5,220 per month
Oswego Place offers a friendly atmosphere and active social opportunities, but potential residents should be wary of inconsistent care, food quality issues, and high staff turnover that could impact their living experience.
Affordability
Homewoods On the Willamette
4.3 from 9 reviews
$1,469 to $2,241 per month
Homewoods On the Willamette is a highly regarded independent living community known for its scenic riverside location, friendly staff, affordability compared to similar facilities, but potential residents should be aware of additional service fees and accessibility challenges nearby.
Community
Miramont Pointe
4.6 from 54 reviews
$2,840 to $5,455 per month
Miramont Pointe is highly praised for its welcoming community, exceptional staff, enriching amenities like a swimming pool and gourmet dining, and vibrant social activities that promote an enjoyable and fulfilling lifestyle for residents.
Friendly Staff
Glenmoore Gracious Retirement Living
4.8 from 21 reviews
$2,715 to $4,595 per month
Glenmoore Gracious Retirement Living is highly praised for its welcoming atmosphere, attentive on-site management, engaging activities, convenient location, and affordability without buy-in or pet fees, making it an appealing option for independent living.
Friendly Staff
King City Senior Village
4.4 from 45 reviews
$2,852 to $3,760 per month
King City Senior Village offers a warm, community-oriented atmosphere with praised food and engaging activities, but potential residents should be mindful of reported management issues and maintenance concerns that may impact their experience.
Community
Holiday Astor House At Springbrook Oak
4.4 from 20 reviews
$2,119 to $3,569 per month
Astor House offers spacious apartments, engaging activities, and a strong sense of community, but concerns about recent staffing changes and management transitions may impact service quality.
Great Activities
The Springs at Clackamas Woods
4.2 from 41 reviews
$2,600 to $5,150 per month
The Springs at Clackamas Woods offers a clean, well-maintained facility with engaging amenities and dedicated staff, though potential residents should consider staffing shortages and layout accessibility when evaluating suitability for independent living.
Great Staff
Brookdale Newberg
4.2 from 57 reviews
$3,295 to $5,260 per month
Brookdale Newberg offers a welcoming atmosphere with friendly staff, engaging activities, and an elegant dining experience, but it faces challenges related to staffing consistency, communication, and cleanliness that potential residents should consider.
Great Staff
The Forum at Town Center
4.5 from 88 reviews
$2,360 to $3,790 per month
The Forum at Town Center offers a friendly community atmosphere with a wide range of engaging activities, spacious apartments, and supportive staff, but could improve consistency in dining services and maintenance responsiveness.
Great Staff
Marquis Tualatin
3.7 from 19 reviews
$3,803 to $4,999 per month
Marquis Tualatin offers a blend of compassionate staff and positive rehabilitation experiences, but potential residents should consider mixed reviews regarding food quality and the facility's environment.
Family Friendly
The Springs at Lake Oswego
5 from 3 reviews
$4,600 to $7,300 per month
The Springs at Lake Oswego offers elegant, high-quality apartments, attentive staff, varied dining options, and numerous amenities that promote an engaging and independent lifestyle for seniors.
Friendly Staff
Elite Care at Oatfield Estates
4 from 25 reviews
$5,650 per month
Elite Care at Oatfield Estates offers a welcoming environment with attentive staff and pleasant common areas, but potential residents should be cautious of management issues, inconsistent care quality, and rising costs.
Hearthstone At Murrayhill
4.7 from 36 reviews
Hearthstone at Murrayhill offers spacious floor plans, a convenient location near family, attentive staff who foster a strong sense of community and support diverse hobbies, and a variety of engaging recreational activities for residents.
Bonaventure Of Tigard
3.6 from 51 reviews
Bonaventure of Tigard offers a warm, inviting atmosphere and friendly staff with high-quality dining, but potential residents should be aware of concerns regarding staff turnover and communication in order to ensure consistent care and support.
Friendly Staff
Sellwood Senior Living
4.4 from 37 reviews
$3,480 to $4,630 per month
Sellwood Senior Living is a bright, clean, and welcoming community with attentive staff, enjoyable dining experiences featuring flavorful yet healthy meals, engaging activities, and well-maintained living spaces that foster a friendly atmosphere among residents.
Friendly Staff
Canfield Place
4.6 from 63 reviews
$4,495 to $6,875 per month
Canfield Place in Beaverton offers a welcoming community with compassionate staff, engaging activities that foster social connections, and a commitment to addressing dietary needs, making it a recommended choice for independent living.
Great Food
Rose Schnitzer Manor
4.6 from 28 reviews
$3,586 to $5,641 per month
Rose Schnitzer Manor in Portland is a highly recommended independent living community known for its excellent dining options, impressive range of activities, beautiful facilities, and consistently praised friendly staff.
Friendly Staff
West Hills Village Senior Residence
4.3 from 15 reviews
$3,975 to $6,955 per month
West Hills Village Senior Living offers a friendly and supportive atmosphere with spacious accommodations and engaging recreational activities, though some residents express dissatisfaction with food quality.
Great Staff
Holiday Edgewood Downs
4.1 from 80 reviews
$2,519 to $3,959 per month
Holiday Edgewood Downs boasts a welcoming atmosphere, supportive long-term staff, and engaging activities, but it faces challenges with meal options and managerial oversight that potential residents should consider.
Kind Staff
Friendsview Retirement Community
4 from 8 reviews
Friendsview Retirement Community in Newberg, Oregon offers a variety of housing options and activities in a Christian atmosphere, though prospective residents should consider mixed reviews regarding care quality and rising costs before deciding.
Great Food
Creekside Village
4.4 from 29 reviews
$2,849 to $3,470 per month
Creekside Village offers a warm, engaging community with friendly staff, diverse activities, and quality meals at an affordable price, but it faces safety concerns and accessibility issues that prospective residents should consider.
Excellent Service
Beaverton Lodge
4.6 from 8 reviews
$1,340 to $1,975 per month
Beaverton Lodge is a well-regarded independent living community known for its dedicated staff, engaging activities, appealing natural setting, and strong sense of community among residents.
Great Staff
Courtyard at Mt. Tabor
4.3 from 71 reviews
$3,000 to $5,400 per month
Courtyard at Mt. Tabor is a friendly and welcoming senior community praised for its caring staff and engaging activities, though it faces challenges with staffing levels, meal options for specific dietary needs, and communication.
Odd Fellows Home Of Oregon
4.6 from 8 reviews
Odd Fellows Holgate Center in Southeast Portland offers a welcoming, community-oriented environment with spacious apartments, delicious dining options, and dedicated staff focused on fostering meaningful interactions and engagement for residents.
Great Staff
Pacifica Senior Living Calaroga
4.7 from 60 reviews
$2,050 to $3,200 per month
Calaroga Terrace offers an excellent location near public transit, stunning views, and a caring staff, making it an attractive option for independent living seniors seeking social engagement and community activities.
Great Staff
Fieldstone Cornell Landing
5 from 18 reviews
Fieldstone Cornell Landing Senior Living Community is highly recommended for its caring staff, beautiful facilities, delicious dining options, and engaging activities that create a warm and welcoming environment for independent living seniors.
Great Food
Arcadia Senior Living
4.1 from 21 reviews
$4,640 to $6,425 per month
Arcadia Senior Living is praised for its caring staff and engaging activities, but potential residents should be aware of staffing challenges and training improvements needed in medication management before making a decision.
Friendly Staff
Russellville Park
4.4 from 96 reviews
$2,850 to $4,747 per month
Russellville Park offers appealing amenities and friendly staff in independent living, but potential residents should be cautious of inconsistent care and upkeep based on mixed reviews.
Great Staff
CherryWood Village
4.3 from 48 reviews
$3,000 to $6,500 per month
CherryWood Village is a well-regarded independent living community known for its inviting atmosphere, active engagement in social activities, cleanliness, attentive staff, and diverse dining options, but it faces challenges with rising costs and food quality concerns.
Great Staff
The Ackerly at Timberland
4.2 from 59 reviews
$3,925 to $6,250 per month
The Ackerly and LeisureCare facilities receive mixed reviews, with praise for dedicated staff and enjoyable activities overshadowed by concerns about management issues and inconsistent communication affecting family trust.
Great Food
Parkview Christian Retirement Community
4.8 from 12 reviews
$2,090 to $3,755 per month
Parkview Christian Retirement Community offers a supportive, engaging environment with accessible walkways, well-maintained grounds for outdoor activities, high-quality dining, and attentive staff, making it an ideal choice for seniors seeking an active and fulfilling independent living experience.
Clean
Courtyard Village at Raleigh Hills
4.1 from 18 reviews
$1,820 to $3,045 per month
When searching for independent living communities, prospective residents should consider factors such as service inclusions, apartment size and amenities, outdoor access, activity offerings, staff interactions, privacy options, and overall cleanliness to ensure a comfortable and engaging living experience.
Supportive Environment
Bonaventure at Keizer Station
4.2 from 53 reviews
$3,170 to $5,550 per month
Bonaventure at Keizer Station offers a friendly atmosphere and strong resident relationships, but faces challenges with staff turnover, dining variety, and activity engagement that potential residents should consider.
Social Activities
The Springs at Sunnyview
4.7 from 14 reviews
$2,885 to $3,640 per month
The Springs at Sunnyview offers a vibrant, community-focused independent living experience with engaging activities, cozy accommodations, and a strong sense of camaraderie among residents.
Great Staff
Courtyard Fountains
4.5 from 57 reviews
$2,905 to $4,600 per month
Courtyard Fountains is praised for its friendly atmosphere and appealing environment, but potential residents should consider concerns about food quality, communication issues, and safety related to staffing stability when evaluating this independent living community.
Friendly Staff
Avamere at Cascadia
4.5 from 30 reviews
$3,032 to $4,676 per month
Avamere at Cascadia is praised for its family-like atmosphere and dedicated staff, but potential residents should consider concerns about staffing consistency and food service management when choosing a community.
Helpful Staff
Emerald Pointe Senior Living Community
4.3 from 15 reviews
$1,495 to $2,350 per month
Emerald Pointe Senior Living Community offers a warm, supportive environment with caring staff, impressive facilities including full kitchens, and affordability, though residents seek improvements in noise control, cleanliness in private bathrooms, and menu variety.
Swimming Pool
Touchmark in the West Hills Health and Fitness Club
4.8 from 4 reviews
Touchmark in the West Hills is a highly praised independent living community featuring spacious rooms, excellent amenities like a pool and greenhouse, top-notch dining options, fitness facilities, and engaging activities for residents.
Friendly Staff
Parkland Village
4.8 from 17 reviews
$3,845 to $4,575 per month
Parkland Village in McMinnville is praised for its friendly atmosphere, attentive staff, engaging environment with bright living spaces, and strong sense of community that fosters genuine connections among residents.
Helpful Staff
Hazelwood Community Apartments
4.1 from 46 reviews
$954 to $1,303 per month
The Hazelwood Community Apartments have recently declined in security, cleanliness, and services for seniors, leading to dissatisfaction among residents despite some appreciating the affordability of their individual living spaces.
Great Staff
Holiday Gresham Manor
4.2 from 62 reviews
$2,049 to $3,899 per month
Holiday Gresham Manor offers a welcoming and community-oriented living environment with friendly staff, diverse activities, various apartment sizes, and generally satisfactory amenities, though potential residents should consider opportunities for improving food quality and addressing rising rents.
Great Staff
Parkrose Chateau
4.3 from 80 reviews
$2,085 to $3,925 per month
Parkrose Chateau offers a friendly and engaging environment for independent living, but potential residents should be aware of recent management-related challenges, including maintenance issues and inconsistent meal quality.
Home Like Atmosphere
Avamere At Cascadia Village
4.7 from 6 reviews
Avamere at Cascadia Village in Sandy offers a warm, engaging community with consistent staffing, high cleanliness standards, personalized activities, spacious and well-maintained accommodations, and exceptional food quality, making it an attractive choice for independent living.
Friendly Staff
The Springs at Tanasbourne
4.3 from 42 reviews
$3,550 to $6,500 per month
The Springs at Tanasbourne offers a luxurious and engaging environment for independent living seniors, featuring spacious amenities, various social activities, and a commitment to resident well-being, though some families express concerns about communication and dining service consistency.
Excellent Food
MorningStar Senior Living of Hillsboro
5 from 7 reviews
$3,680 to $5,495 per month
Morningstar is a welcoming independent living community known for its friendly staff, delicious food, engaging activities, and strong sense of belonging, making it an ideal choice for those seeking a supportive and vibrant senior lifestyle.
Royal Anne Assisted Living
4.7 from 3 reviews
The community offers a warm, nurturing atmosphere with exceptional value, high standards of care and amenities, and a layout that encourages social interaction while respecting residents' privacy, making it an ideal choice for independent living.
Compassionate Staff
Rosewood Park
4.1 from 44 reviews
$3,565 to $4,905 per month
Rosewood Park offers a friendly atmosphere with engaging activities and clean premises, but prospective residents should consider concerns about staffing levels, communication, and meal quality before making a decision.
Pleasant Environment
Northwest Place
4.3 from 6 reviews
$2,215 to $6,200 per month
Northwest Place in Northwest Portland offers appealing amenities and a pleasant environment for independent living, with praised local staff and satisfactory dining, though residents express frustration over management decisions and limited activities imposed by corporate oversight.
Bonaventure At Keizer Station
4.1 from 8 reviews
Bonaventure at Keizer Station offers spacious, well-designed accommodations and a variety of engaging amenities, complemented by friendly staff and enjoyable dining options, but potential residents should be mindful of concerns regarding staff consistency and response times.
Community
Good Samaritan Society-Fairlawn Village
4.4 from 20 reviews
$925 to $1,800 per month
This skilled nursing facility is praised for its caring and attentive staff, clean and well-maintained environment, diverse activities promoting engagement, and comfortable living arrangements tailored for seniors.
Great Food
Holiday Rock Creek
4.1 from 86 reviews
$2,209 to $3,889 per month
Residents at Holiday Rock Creek report mixed experiences, with some praising the friendly atmosphere and amenities while others cite issues with food quality, staffing, and security concerns, highlighting the importance of reviewing both positive and negative feedback when considering independent living options.
Family Friendly
Lancaster Village
4.2 from 17 reviews
$2,275 to $2,950 per month
Lancaster Village offers appealing amenities and a welcoming atmosphere, yet discrepancies in staffing quality, caregiver professionalism, and adherence to health protocols raise concerns for families considering placement for their loved ones.
Community Involvement
Terwilliger Plaza
2.5 from 15 reviews
$779 to $2,336 per month
Terwilliger Plaza, despite its appealing location and amenities, has drawn criticism for inadequate care and broken promises, making it a risky choice for families seeking a reliable independent living community for their elderly loved ones.
Great Staff
Avamere Court At Keizer
3.7 from 26 reviews
$1,784 to $3,000 per month
Avamere Court at Keizer offers a vibrant community with numerous activities, spacious apartments, and good amenities, but experiences vary regarding staff responsiveness and food quality.
Mirabella at South Waterfront- CCRC
1 from 1 review
$3,500 per month
This community fell short in providing quality service, with issues including incomplete dressing during changes, rude staff interactions, and rushed dining experiences despite its appealing amenities.
Bonaventure Of Gresham
3.8 from 38 reviews
Bonaventure offers a mix of positive experiences with its engaging staff and activities, but potential residents should consider concerns about care consistency and communication before choosing the facility.
Avamere At Hillsboro
4 from 32 reviews
Avamere at Hillsboro offers a clean, modern environment with friendly staff and various resident activities, but feedback indicates inconsistencies in staff attentiveness and food quality that potential residents should consider.
Powell Vista Manor
3.7 from 3 reviews
$5,189 to $6,745 per month
XYZ Apartments offers a clean living environment but faces challenges with maintenance response times and staff attentiveness, highlighting the need for improved service to enhance residents' overall satisfaction.
Friendly Staff
Holladay Park Plaza
3.2 from 5 reviews
When seeking an Independent Living senior community, families should prioritize ethical care, staff responsiveness, and the balance between appealing aesthetics and functionality, as experiences can vary greatly based on individual preferences and interactions.
Great Staff
Applewood Retirement
4.3 from 12 reviews
$1,670 to $2,210 per month
Applewood Retirement Community offers a warm, caring atmosphere with exceptional staff, nutritious dining, engaging activities, and a welcoming environment, making it a highly recommended choice for seniors seeking independent living.
Village Retirement Center
3 from 2 reviews
$565 to $782 per month
While The Village offers well-maintained facilities and caring staff, the lack of resident engagement and social interaction raises concerns about its suitability for fostering meaningful connections among seniors.
Good Food Quality
Parkland Village Retirement Community
4.5 from 2 reviews
Parkland Village offers independent living in well-designed cottages with a supportive community atmosphere, maintenance services, communal activities, and good dining options, although its layout may pose challenges for those with mobility issues.
Personalized Attention
Gateway Care and Retirement Center
3.3 from 3 reviews
$1,625 to $1,875 per month
When selecting an independent living community, consider the benefits of smaller facilities for personalized attention and meaningful connections, while also ensuring that they prioritize safety measures in response to COVID-19.
Lots Of Activities
The Heights at Columbia Knoll
2.4 from 36 reviews
$1,480 to $1,710 per month
The Heights at Columbia Knoll offers affordable, spacious apartments with inclusive utilities but has issues with management, maintenance, and resident communication that potential residents should carefully consider.
Judy's Loving Hands
Judy's Loving Hands in Clackamas, Oregon, is a vibrant independent living community with limited mention of amenities beyond private rooms and outdoor spaces, lacking specific recreational facilities or unique programs for seniors.
The Springs at Happy Valley
The Springs at Happy Valley is a vibrant independent living community in Oregon that offers various amenities and activities for resident engagement, but may have limited privacy due to shared common areas and the need for basic housekeeping assistance.
Creekside Village Retirement Residence
Creekside Village in Beaverton offers a range of amenities and activities for seniors, but may not provide sufficient privacy or options for completely independent living.
MorningStar of Beaverton
MorningStar of Beaverton offers a variety of amenities and services for seniors, but its focus on specialized care may not suit those seeking a more independent living experience.
Parkview Assisted Living
Parkview Assisted Living in Portland, OR offers independent living with various amenities and care services, but potential residents may find a lack of extensive options for specialized activities or medical services within the community itself.
Carman Oaks Srliving Community
Carman Oaks Senior Living Community in Portland, Oregon, offers a tranquil environment with limited dining and entertainment options nearby, lacking sufficient cultural activities and spiritual resources for residents.
St. Anthony Village
St. Anthony Village in Portland, OR offers comfortable independent living with amenities such as transportation services and dining options, but may lack the personal touches and quietude some seniors seek in a community setting.
MorningStar of Hillsboro
MorningStar of Hillsboro offers a beautiful environment with amenities and activities, but it may have limitations for those seeking fully independent living without assistance.
Russellville Park West
Russellville Park West in Portland, OR offers fully furnished living spaces with various amenities and services, but it may be limited by proximity to essential medical facilities and transportation options.
Sacred Heart Villa
$595 to $1,075 per month
Sacred Heart Villa, while offering various nearby amenities like cafes, parks, and hospitals, might be overwhelming for seniors who prefer a quieter environment with fewer distractions.
Parkrose Chateau Gracious Retirement Living
Parkrose Chateau Gracious Retirement Living in Portland, OR offers a vibrant community with fully furnished apartments and various amenities, but it may lack certain advanced healthcare services or extensive recreational activities.
Kellogg Assisted Living At Mary's Woods
Kellogg Assisted Living At Mary's Woods in Lake Oswego, OR, offers a vibrant independent living community with amenities and personalized support, but may lack access to specialized medical care nearby.
Considerations for seniors living in Canby, OR
Mild Climate: Canby has a mild climate with comfortable temperatures throughout the year. Seniors may find it easier to manage their health conditions in a moderate climate.
Accessible Health Care: Canby has several medical facilities and clinics where seniors can receive prompt healthcare services.
Active Lifestyle: Seniors who enjoy outdoor activities such as walking, hiking, and birdwatching will appreciate the proximity of parks and natural reserves in Canby.
Transportation Options: Seniors without cars can utilize local transportation options such as buses and paratransit services to access amenities and social activities.
Community Resources: Seniors in Canby can take advantage of numerous resources such as senior centers, libraries, and community centers that provide various programs and services tailored to their needs.
Engaging Social Scene: Canby's active social scene features many cultural events, festivals, and activities that seniors can participate in with family and friends.
Affordable Cost of Living: Compared to other cities in Oregon, the cost of living in Canby is relatively affordable which could be beneficial for seniors on fixed incomes.