Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road in Lynchburg, VA

Save

  • Interior

    A spacious and modern lounge area with comfortable seating and a fireplace.
  • Outdoors

    A brick building surrounded by a garden with blooming flowers.
  • Building

    A black shuttle bus parked outside a brick building with a neatly maintained lawn.
  • Dining

    A spacious and well-lit dining area with multiple tables and chairs.
  • Lighting

    A modern lobby with comfortable seating arrangements and stylish lighting.
  • Outdoor

    A group of people enjoying a playful outdoor gathering with kiddie pools.
  • Patio

    A wooden pergola on a patio with outdoor seating and a garden bench.
  • Wheelchair

    A joyful moment with a costumed character posing alongside an elderly person in a wheelchair and another smiling individual.
  • Nursing Home

    A person in a bunny costume poses with elderly residents in a nursing home, sharing a joyful moment.
  • Gardening

    Two elderly women gardening together in a sunny outdoor space.

Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road in Lynchburg, VA

20212 Leesville Rd, Lynchburg, VA 24502

For more information about senior living options: (844) 490-3973

4.4 from 34 reviews
5 stars
26
4 stars
2
3 stars
2
2 stars
1
1 stars
3

Assisted Living

Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road Costs & Pricing

At Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road, the monthly costs for assisted living present a competitive option within the local market. For a semi-private room, residents will find the monthly fee set at $2,995, significantly lower than both Lynchburg city's average of $3,815 and Virginia's state average of $3,991. Similarly, those opting for a studio can expect to pay $3,395 per month, which again is more affordable compared to the city's rate of $4,312 and the statewide figure of $4,436. These pricing structures reflect Runk and Pratt's commitment to offering quality care while ensuring affordability in comparison to both local and state averages.

Floor plansRunk and Pratt at Leesville RoadLynchburg cityVirginia
Semi-Private$2,995$3,815$3,991
Studio$3,395$4,312$4,436

Overall Review of Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road

Pros

  • pro The staff cares for residents like family.
  • pro The facility is clean, well-maintained, and beautifully decorated.
  • pro The director is hands-on and checks on residents daily.
  • pro The activity director is friendly, engaging, and genuinely cares about residents.
  • pro Admissions staff provide patient, thorough guidance and tours.
  • pro The community feels warm, intimate, and family-like.
  • pro The marketing and front-office staff are friendly, helpful, and responsive.
  • pro Residents report very good care, with excellent programs and meals.

Cons

  • pro Runk and Pratt is illegally holding $60,000 of their deposit money for over nine months and forcing them into litigation to recover what is theirs.
  • pro They would not recommend doing business with any organization under Runk and Pratt.
  • pro Their loved one's experience at Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road has been poor due to staffing, requiring them to repeatedly contact the main office to obtain basic care such as a shower.
  • pro They were charged for four weeks for a period when their loved one was not at the facility.
  • pro The reviewer notes that most interviews are written by facility administrators and suggests that if nursing care is needed, people should not go there.
  • pro The owner, Ms. Runk, was described as dismissive and rude, appearing more focused on personal finances than on resident care, leading them to plan a transfer for their mother.
  • pro After the mother contracted Covid, recovery was hindered by limited nursing help and delays in medical care, culminating in an ambulance transfer and a hospital stay.

Review

Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road is best suited for families seeking a warm, intimate assisted living environment in Lynchburg where staff familiarity and a family-style atmosphere can translate into meaningful daily connection. It works well for seniors who value easy access to caregivers, predictable routines, and social programming in a smaller setting. This community shines for residents who want to feel known and treated with personal attention, and for families who can tolerate a leaner nursing footprint and occasional administrative tensions. It is less appropriate for those who require constant, high-level medical oversight or who place a premium on ironclad financial safeguards.

On the upside, the strongest selling points center on atmosphere and engagement. The community operates like a tight-knit family, with a director who is hands-on and frequently checking in, and an activity director who invests real time in understanding resident interests. The staff routinely comes across as friendly, patient, and genuinely invested in residents' wellbeing. The building itself presents as clean, well-maintained, and attractively decorated, with a renovated wing that adds a more home-like living space, including private rooms with porches. The dining and activity offerings consistently receive praise, contributing to a sense of normalcy and belonging that can make transitions smoother for residents and families alike.

Yet the negatives cannot be ignored, and they directly challenge the level of care that can be sustained over time. A concerning financial dispute involving a $60,000 deposit held for months, and the suggestion of litigation, creates a red flag about financial protections and oversight. Staffing gaps that affect basic needs - such as timely assistance with showers - point to reliability concerns when demand spikes or when shifts are short-handed. Several accounts describe limited nursing coverage, and at least one family cites delays in nurse or doctor access that led to risky outcomes. Compounding these issues are critiques of management and ownership style, including perceptions of prioritizing earnings over resident care. These are not ephemeral grievances; they reflect real risks that could escalate if the facility's policies and staffing models do not improve.

The positive elements can offset some risks, but not all. The small, familial footprint helps administrators stay accountable and residents feel seen - a factor that often translates into higher staff morale and more personalized programming. A hands-on director, a thoughtful admissions process, and a genuinely caring activity team can create moments of exceptional quality and continuity of care for residents who do not require intensive medical services. When operations run smoothly, residents enjoy good meals, engaging activities, and the chance to socialize in a setting that feels like a comfortable home rather than a sterile institution. In other words, the advantages of culture and proximity to caregivers can compensate for gaps in nursing coverage if those gaps are reasonably infrequent and well managed.

However, the weight of the drawbacks means alternatives should be seriously considered for needs that go beyond assisted living basics. For seniors requiring reliable, around-the-clock nursing support, or for families prioritizing airtight financial protections and transparent, litigation-free processes, other communities with deeper nursing staffing and clearer deposit policies may be a safer match. The perception of a management style focused on revenue, rather than resident welfare, should also be a decisive factor for families with unresolved concerns about trust and long-term accountability. A mismatch between expectations and reality in those areas makes a move to a facility with stronger clinical oversight and more robust governance a prudent choice.

For families evaluating this community, concrete next steps matter. Schedule a tour that emphasizes nursing staffing levels, nurse practitioner availability, and actual response times for routine needs. Ask for current staff-to-resident ratios during peak hours and how shifts are covered when aides are short-staffed. Probe the financial policy surrounding deposits, refunds, and any outstanding disputes, and request updated, written statements on how such matters are handled. If the goal is a smaller, intimate setting with a strong sense of community, Runk and Pratt will deliver, provided the care plan remains aligned with actual nursing capabilities and the leadership demonstrates consistent, resident-centered governance. If those assurances cannot be solidified, exploring a larger community with more extensive medical support and firmer financial protections becomes the practical, prudent choice.

Features

Types of Care

  • Assisted Living Assisted LivingAssisted living facilities provide crucial support and care for seniors who may need help with daily tasks such as medication management, bathing, and meal preparation. These communities offer a safe and comfortable environment where seniors can maintain their independence while receiving the assistance they need to thrive in their golden years.

Amenities

  • Activities on-site Activities on-siteActivities on-site are important for seniors because they provide opportunities for socialization, mental stimulation, physical activity, and overall well-being. Engaging in activities can help seniors stay active, maintain their independence, and improve their quality of life.
  • Air-conditioning Air-conditioningAir conditioning is important for seniors as they are more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses and may have underlying health conditions that make it difficult for them to regulate their body temperature. It helps to keep them comfortable, safe, and healthy in hot weather.
  • Beautician on-site Beautician on-siteHaving a beautician on-site at a senior living community is important for seniors as it allows them to easily access grooming and personal care services, boosting their self-esteem and overall well-being. It also provides convenience and helps seniors maintain their sense of independence and personal style.
  • Cable or satellite TV Cable or satellite TVCable or satellite TV is important for seniors because it provides entertainment, news, and companionship, helping to combat loneliness and boredom. It also offers a wide range of programming options tailored to different interests and preferences.
  • Devotional services off-site Devotional services off-siteDevotional services off-site are important for seniors as they provide spiritual nourishment, social engagement, and a sense of community outside of the senior living facility. This can enhance overall well-being and help combat feelings of isolation and loneliness often experienced by older adults.
  • Devotional services on-site Devotional services on-siteDevotional services on-site provide seniors with spiritual support and a sense of community, as well as an opportunity for reflection and guidance during their senior living experience. This can promote emotional well-being and connection to others, leading to a more fulfilling and enriching lifestyle in their later years.
  • Garden view Garden viewGarden views are important for seniors as they provide natural beauty and tranquility, promoting relaxation and overall well-being. Access to green spaces can also encourage outdoor activity and socialization, enhancing physical and mental health.
  • Ground floor units Ground floor unitsGround floor units are important for seniors because they provide easy accessibility, reduced risk of falls and injuries, and convenience for those with mobility issues. Seniors can avoid climbing stairs or using elevators, making daily tasks and activities more manageable and enjoyable.
  • Handicap accessible Handicap accessible"Handicap accessible" amenities are crucial for seniors to ensure they can easily navigate and access facilities, services, and activities without barriers or limitations due to physical impairments. This promotes independence, safety, and inclusivity for seniors in senior living communities.
  • Indoor common areas Indoor common areasIndoor common areas are crucial for seniors as they provide a space for socialization, recreation, and community engagement, promoting overall well-being and reducing feelings of isolation and loneliness.
  • Kitchenette KitchenetteKitchenettes are important for seniors living in senior living communities because they provide the convenience and independence of being able to prepare simple meals and snacks in the comfort of their own living space. This can help promote a sense of autonomy and well-being for seniors, allowing them to maintain some level of control over their dietary choices and daily routines.
  • Outdoor common areas Outdoor common areasOutdoor common areas are important for seniors as they provide a space for socialization, physical activity, and relaxation. Being outside in nature can improve mood and overall well-being, while also encouraging movement and engagement with others. These spaces can help combat feelings of isolation and promote a sense of community among residents.
  • Private patio, deck, or balcony Private patio, deck, or balconyHaving a private patio, deck, or balcony is crucial for seniors living in a retirement community as it provides them with access to fresh air, natural light, and the outdoors without having to leave their home. This outdoor space can promote physical activity, mental well-being, and socialization opportunities for seniors, contributing to an overall improved quality of life.
  • Respite or short term stays offered Respite or short term stays offeredRespite or short term stays provide seniors with a temporary solution when their regular caregiver is unavailable, offering them the opportunity to receive additional care and support during times of need, while also giving caregivers a chance to rest and recharge.
  • Wheelchair accessible showers Wheelchair accessible showersWheelchair accessible showers are crucial for seniors as they provide a safe and independent bathing option for those with mobility challenges. These showers help prevent falls and allow seniors to maintain their dignity and autonomy while ensuring they can bathe comfortably.
  • Wi-Fi/high-speed internet available Wi-Fi/high-speed internet availableWi-Fi/high-speed internet is important for seniors to stay connected with loved ones, access online resources, and participate in virtual activities to combat feelings of loneliness and isolation. It also allows them to easily manage healthcare needs, access entertainment, and engage in lifelong learning opportunities.

Transportation

  • Lynchburg Municipal-Preston Glenn (1 miles away) Lynchburg Municipal-Preston Glenn (1 miles away)

Care Services

  • Ambulatory care Ambulatory care"Ambulatory care services provide essential medical support and treatment to seniors without requiring hospitalization, allowing them to maintain their independence and quality of life while managing chronic conditions or receiving routine medical care."
  • Diabetic care Diabetic careDiabetic care is crucial for seniors as they are more susceptible to developing diabetes due to aging and other health conditions. Proper management of diabetes can help prevent complications such as heart disease, vision loss, and nerve damage, improving the overall quality of life for seniors in senior living communities.
  • High acuity care High acuity careHigh acuity care is important for seniors because it provides specialized medical attention and support for individuals with complex medical needs. This level of care ensures that seniors receive the appropriate treatment and assistance to maintain their health and quality of life as they age.
  • Incontinence care Incontinence careIncontinence care is essential for seniors to maintain their dignity, hygiene, and overall quality of life. By addressing incontinence issues promptly and effectively, seniors can enjoy a sense of independence and comfort in their daily activities.
  • Medication management Medication managementMedication management is crucial for seniors to ensure they are taking the right medications at the correct dosages and times. This helps prevent adverse drug interactions, reduces the risk of medication errors, and promotes overall health and well-being. Proactive management also allows for adjustments as needed based on changing health conditions or new prescriptions.

Dining

  • Gluten-free Gluten-freeGluten-free options are important for seniors as they are more prone to digestive issues and dietary sensitivities. Offering gluten-free meal choices in senior living communities can help improve their overall health and well-being.
  • Guest meals Guest mealsGuest meals are important for seniors living in senior living communities because they provide an opportunity for socialization and companionship. Sharing a meal with friends, family, or new acquaintances can help combat feelings of loneliness and isolation, promote a sense of community, and enhance overall well-being. Additionally, guest meals allow seniors to enjoy delicious food in a comfortable setting without the hassle of cooking or cleaning up, making dining a pleasurable and stress-free experience.
  • Low / no sodium Low / no sodiumLow/no sodium options are important for seniors because excessive sodium intake can lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, and other health issues commonly experienced by older adults. By choosing low/no sodium foods, seniors can better manage their health and reduce their risk of developing these conditions.
  • Meals provided Meals provided"Meals provided" are crucial for seniors in assisted living communities as it ensures they have access to nutritious, balanced meals without the stress of meal planning and preparation. This can help promote overall health and well-being for seniors who may have limited mobility or cognitive abilities.
  • No Sugar No SugarNo sugar diets are important for seniors because they can help prevent or manage chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity. Sugar can also contribute to cognitive decline and inflammation in the body, so reducing sugar intake can lead to overall improved health and well-being in older adults.
  • Restaurant style dining Restaurant style diningRestaurant style dining is important for seniors as it offers them a social and enjoyable dining experience, promotes healthy eating habits, and provides personalized menu options to cater to their dietary needs and preferences. This type of dining setting can enhance their overall quality of life and create a sense of community within the senior living facility.
  • Vegetarian VegetarianA vegetarian diet is important for seniors because it can help lower the risk of chronic diseases, maintain a healthy weight, and provide essential nutrients needed for aging bodies. Additionally, plant-based diets are often easier on digestive systems and can contribute to overall well-being in older adults.

Activities

  • Art classes Art classesArt classes are important for seniors because they provide a creative outlet, improve cognitive function, reduce stress and anxiety, promote socialization, and enhance overall well-being and quality of life.
  • Bible study group Bible study groupBible study groups provide seniors with a sense of community, spiritual growth, and support during their later years. It helps them stay connected to their faith, find comfort in difficult times, and build meaningful relationships with others.
  • Cooking classes Cooking classesCooking classes are important for seniors as they provide opportunities for social interaction, enhance cognitive skills, promote healthy eating habits, and boost confidence in the kitchen.
  • Day trips and outings Day trips and outingsDay trips and outings are important for seniors as they provide opportunities for socialization, mental stimulation, physical activity, and a break from daily routines. These experiences can enhance overall well-being and quality of life for older adults living in senior communities.
  • Devotional activities offsite Devotional activities offsiteDevotional activities offsite are important for seniors because they provide social engagement, spiritual growth, and a sense of community outside of their living environment. This can improve overall well-being, mental health, and combat feelings of isolation or loneliness.
  • Devotional activities on-site Devotional activities on-siteDevotional activities on-site provide seniors with a sense of community, spiritual fulfillment, and emotional support, promoting overall well-being and a positive sense of purpose in their lives.
  • Educational speakers / life long learning Educational speakers / life long learningEducational speakers and lifelong learning opportunities are crucial for seniors as they provide mental stimulation, promote social engagement, and contribute to overall well-being. Continuous learning helps seniors stay mentally sharp, build new skills, and maintain a sense of purpose and fulfillment in their lives. It also allows them to stay connected to the world around them and fosters a sense of community within senior living facilities.
  • Karaoke KaraokeKaraoke provides seniors with a fun and social activity that can boost mood, confidence, and cognitive function. It encourages social interaction, physical movement, and creative expression, making it an important form of entertainment for senior living communities.
  • Live musical performances Live musical performancesLive musical performances can provide seniors with a sense of joy, nostalgia, and connection. Music has the power to evoke emotions and memories, improve mood and cognitive function, and foster social interaction among seniors. It can also serve as a form of therapy and stress relief for older adults, making it an important activity to include in senior living communities.
  • Live well programs Live well programs"Live well programs are essential for seniors as they provide opportunities for physical activity, social engagement, and mental stimulation, ultimately promoting overall health and well-being in later years."
  • Visiting chaplain or priest Visiting chaplain or priestHaving a visiting chaplain or priest at a senior living community is important for seniors because it provides spiritual support, comfort, and guidance during a time of life that can be challenging and uncertain. Their presence can help seniors feel connected to their faith, find peace of mind, and cope with the emotional and mental struggles they may face in their later years.

Description

Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road in Lynchburg, VA is an assisted living community that offers a wide range of amenities to enhance the quality of life for its residents. The community provides air-conditioned accommodations with beautiful garden views and the option for private patio, deck, or balcony spaces. The ground floor units are also wheelchair accessible to ensure the comfort and convenience of all residents.

Inside the community, residents can enjoy indoor common areas and Wi-Fi/high-speed internet access, allowing them to stay connected with loved ones and engage in their favorite online activities. There is also a beautician on-site, ensuring that residents can easily access hair care services.

The care services provided at Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road are comprehensive and tailored to meet individual needs. This includes diabetic care, high acuity care, incontinence care, and medication management. The staff is trained to provide personalized assistance while respecting each resident's privacy.

Dining options at the community are diverse and cater to various dietary needs. Residents can enjoy low/no sodium meals, no sugar options, vegetarian dishes, as well as restaurant-style dining experiences. Guest meals are also available for those who wish to share a meal with family or friends.

To promote an active and engaged lifestyle, Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road offers a variety of engaging activities for residents. These include Bible study groups, cooking classes, day trips and outings to nearby attractions, devotional activities both on-site and off-site, educational speaker sessions/Life-long learning programs, karaoke nights, live musical performances from local artists or groups. Additionally,Live well programms are organized which aim to keep seniors healthy through exercise classes or wellness seminars. There is also a visiting chaplain or priest available for spiritual support.

Conveniently located in Lynchburg, VA there are numerous amenities nearby such as cafes (3), pharmacies (9), physicians (22), restaurants (43), transportation options (2), places of worship (3), and hospitals (3). This ensures that residents can easily access any necessary services or enjoy a diverse range of activities both within the community and in the surrounding area.

Nearby Places of Interest

This section of Lynchburg, Virginia offers a variety of amenities and services that may appeal to seniors looking for a convenient and accessible neighborhood. With a range of dining options such as Iron & Ale Lynchburg Tap and Table and Kenko Hibachi within close proximity, residents can enjoy diverse culinary experiences. Additionally, the presence of pharmacies like Hill City Pharmacy and easily accessible healthcare facilities like Central Virginia Family Physicians make it convenient for seniors to access medical services. Nearby places of worship like Tree of Life Ministries offer opportunities for spiritual fulfillment, while transportation options such as Virginia Aviation and Lynchburg Regional Airport provide easy access for travel needs. Overall, this area provides a mix of essential services, recreational opportunities at parks like Ivy Creek Park, and a sense of community that may be appealing to seniors considering senior living in Lynchburg.

Restaurants

  • Iron & Ale Lynchburg Tap and Table (0.7 miles)
  • Kenko Hibachi (0.8 miles)
  • Saigon Palace (1.2 miles)
  • KFC (1.3 miles)
  • Burger King (1.4 miles)
  • La Carreta (1.4 miles)
  • McDonald's (1.4 miles)

Pharmacies

  • Hill City Pharmacy (0.7 miles)
  • Walgreens (1.5 miles)
  • CVS Pharmacy (1.6 miles)
  • Kroger Pharmacy (1.7 miles)
  • Walmart Pharmacy (2.1 miles)
  • Robertson Drug Co. (3 miles)
  • Health Mart Pharmacy (3.5 miles)

Transportation

  • Virginia Aviation (0.8 miles)
  • Lynchburg Regional Airport (LYH) (1.3 miles)

Hospitals

  • Bridges Treatment Center (1.1 miles)
  • The Summit Health & Rehabilitation Center (2.1 miles)
  • Virginia Fertility & IVF (3.3 miles)

Places of Worship

  • Tree of Life Ministries (1.1 miles)
  • Hyland Heights Baptist Church (4.2 miles)
  • Heritage Baptist Church (4.2 miles)

Physicians

  • Central Virginia Family Physicians (1.3 miles)
  • Timberlake Family Practice (1.3 miles)
  • MyEyeDr (1.3 miles)
  • Johnson Curran Optometry Centers (1.4 miles)
  • Allison, Megan - Ridge View Dermatology (1.6 miles)
  • Jeffrey H Widmeyer (1.6 miles)
  • Central Virginia Family Physicians (1.8 miles)

Cafes

  • Starbucks (1.3 miles)
  • Joe Beans (1.7 miles)
  • The Muse Coffee Company (2.3 miles)

Parks

  • Ivy Creek Park (5.1 miles)

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does it cost to live at Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road in Lynchburg, VA?
Where is Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road?
What photos are available for Runk and Pratt at Leesville Road in Lynchburg, Virginia?

Nearby Communities

  • Runk & Pratt Residential Care of Lynchburg

    Runk & Pratt Residential Care of Lynchburg

    Lynchburg, VA

    4.3 from 64 reviews
    $4,630 to $5,350 / month

    pro Compassionate staff, engaging activities, and a clean facility with good meals.

  • Care Advantage of Lynchburg,  VA

    Care Advantage of Lynchburg, VA

    Lynchburg, VA

     
     

    pro Excellent access to nearby healthcare, dining, parks, and cultural amenities.

  • Runk and Pratt at Liberty Ridge

    Runk and Pratt at Liberty Ridge

    Lynchburg, VA

    4 from 113 reviews
    $3,085 to $4,115 / month

    pro Compassionate, family-like staff in a resort-style setting with engaging activities and dining.

  • Summit Health & Rehabilitation Center

    Summit Health & Rehabilitation Center

    Lynchburg, VA

    3.8 from 73 reviews
     

    pro Friendly staff and engaging activities in a clean facility.

  • Summit Assisted Living

    Summit Assisted Living

    Lynchburg, VA

    3.9 from 15 reviews
     

    pro Clean, well-maintained facility with caring staff and engaging activities.

  • The Summit

    The Summit

    Lynchburg, VA

    4.2 from 36 reviews
    $4,100 to $4,425 / month

    pro Clean, home-like setting with caring staff and engaging activities.

  • Liberty Ridge Memory Support - Pearls Of Life

    Liberty Ridge Memory Support - Pearls Of Life

    Lynchburg, VA

     
     

    pro 24-hour supervision with dedicated memory-care programming and engaging activities.

  • Heritage Green and Daybreak

    Heritage Green and Daybreak

    Lynchburg, VA

    4.5 from 80 reviews
    $4,100 to $7,551 / month

    pro Compassionate staff with a warm, home-like atmosphere and engaging activities.

  • The Elks - A Noble Senior Living Community

    The Elks - A Noble Senior Living Community

    Bedford, VA

    3.5 from 57 reviews
    $3,495 to $4,695 / month

    pro Caring staff with engaging activities in a peaceful setting.

Related Resources

  • activities of daily livingComprehensive Insights into Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Their Assessment

    Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) are fundamental tasks vital for an individual's independence, particularly in older adults over 85, and include functions like bathing and dressing; assessing ADLs alongside Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) helps determine the level of required assistance due to age-related health challenges. Tailored support plans, involving family and community resources, are essential for maintaining dignity and autonomy in assisted living environments.

  • does medicare pay for assisted livingMedicare Coverage for Assisted Living: An In-Depth Exploration

    Medicare does not cover assisted living costs, as it focuses on acute medical needs and short-term care, with exceptions for certain medically necessary services like physical therapy. Individuals must explore other options such as Medicaid, veterans' benefits, or long-term care insurance to manage these expenses effectively.

  • assisted living vs nursing homeChoosing the Right Senior Care: A Detailed Exploration of Assisted Living and Nursing Homes

    Choosing between assisted living and nursing homes involves evaluating emotional and financial factors, with assisted living offering independence and support for daily activities at a lower cost, while nursing homes provide intensive medical care for individuals with significant health needs. The decision is influenced by personal preferences, health status, cognitive function, and varying Medicaid coverage across states.