An In-Depth Look at Reminiscence Therapy in Dementia Care

Table of Contents

1. Origins and Foundations of Reminiscence Therapy
2. Defining Reminiscence Therapy
3. The Relationship Between Reminiscence Therapy and Dementia Care
4. Benefits of Reminiscence Therapy for Older Adults
5. Designing Effective Reminiscence Therapy Sessions
6. Reminiscence Therapy Activities for Dementia
7. Free Reminiscence Activities for the Elderly
8. Topics for Reminiscence and Storytelling
9. How Reminiscence Therapy Enhances Social and Emotional Well-Being
10. Adapting Reminiscence Therapy for Different Stages of Dementia
11. Challenges and Ethical Considerations
12. Practical Suggestions for Implementing Reminiscence Therapy
13. Research Evidence and Efficacy
14. Conclusion

Reminiscence therapy is a therapeutic approach that encourages individuals, particularly older adults, to revisit and share their personal life experiences. By tapping into memories from the past, participants engage in storytelling, guided conversations, and reflection on events that shaped them. Although it is not a recent innovation—its roots can be traced back to various informal practices used within families and among friends—it has gained substantial recognition in clinical and care settings for its positive influence on emotional well-being and social engagement. Encouraging recall of significant life milestones, cherished traditions, and formative relationships can be especially beneficial for those experiencing dementia. According to the Alzheimer's Association, reminiscence therapy can help nurture a sense of self, improve mood, and provide cognitive stimulation in a population whose present experiences may often be disrupted by memory loss.

This comprehensive overview will delve into what reminiscence therapy is, how it connects with dementia care, and how it can be adapted for various professional and personal caregiving contexts. It will also address the rationale behind reminiscence therapy, highlight specific techniques for maximizing its benefits, explore free activities for elderly populations, and outline the definition of reminiscence therapy in both a theoretical and a practical sense. Finally, this article will examine different reminiscing topics that may be most meaningful and effective for seniors with dementia. Given the growing prevalence of dementia in aging populations worldwide, understanding the broad scope and application of reminiscence therapy can help caregivers, family members, and professionals develop more empathetic, evidence-based approaches to enriching the lives of older adults.

Origins and Foundations of Reminiscence Therapy

The concept of using one's life story to foster emotional and psychological support has an extensive history across cultures. Storytelling, oral traditions, and narrative exercises have been integral methods of passing knowledge and shared values from one generation to the next. Anthropologists have long observed that preliterate societies used storytelling for knowledge transmission and social cohesion. Over time, these cultural practices have been adapted and refined within healthcare and therapeutic frameworks. The structured practice that we now recognize as reminiscence therapy was shaped significantly in the mid-twentieth century, as experts in psychology and gerontology began to observe that guided recollection of personal history could produce tangible mental health benefits in older adults.

In the 1960s, psychiatrist Dr. Robert Butler popularized the concept of "life review," a process in which older adults examine their memories and feelings about past events. Butler argued that reflecting on one's life narrative was a natural developmental task for individuals as they approached their later years, and that this reflection could yield a sense of resolution, meaning, and wholeness. Over time, empirical studies began to examine this phenomenon systematically, bringing formal therapeutic techniques to the practice of reminiscence. Today, reminiscence therapy draws from these foundational ideas, using life review, targeted prompts, sensory cues, and discussion methods to produce more structured interventions.

Although reminiscence therapy was once primarily embraced by clinicians and researchers, it gradually entered mainstream geriatric care, community centers for older adults, and nursing home settings. Care professionals noticed that older adults often found solace in talking about the so-called "good old days," particularly when present-day cognitive functioning deteriorated. Clinicians also discovered that focused recollection often prompted language skills and improved social bonding experiences. This fusion between everyday informal recollection and clinically informed practices is what has come to shape modern reminiscence therapy for dementia and other conditions that impact memory and cognition. According to studies published in the Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, reminiscence therapy interventions have consistently shown promise in elevating mood and promoting social interaction among older adults, reinforcing its usefulness in different environments of care.

Defining Reminiscence Therapy

Reminiscence therapy can be defined as a structured or semi-structured process where individuals recall periods, events, and experiences from their past with the intention of promoting mental well-being, social interaction, and cognitive health. While many older adults recall their past informally, reminiscence therapy involves a deliberate and guided approach. In a therapeutic context, a facilitator—who may be a mental health professional, a trained caregiver, or a family member—asks open-ended questions or provides prompts that encourage individuals to talk about specific memories, personal stories, cultural milestones, or pivotal life transitions. These prompts could involve photographs, music, familiar objects, or even smells that can bring long-forgotten experiences back into focus.

The definition emphasizes the "therapy" component because of its intentional and goal-oriented nature. While informal reminiscing can be comforting and enjoyable, formal reminiscence therapy sessions aim to improve or maintain certain cognitive and emotional functions. This therapeutic approach can reduce agitation or anxiety, increase social abilities, promote positive self-esteem, and occasionally even enhance cognitive recall. Studies from the American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias (2017) have documented the potential for structured reminiscence sessions to help older adults reinforce a sense of personal identity and continuity, which can become fragile when memory impairments loom large. To this end, professional caregivers and mental health specialists frequently customize reminiscence therapy sessions to match the individual's preferences, cultural background, life achievements, and personal history.

The framework of this therapy is quite flexible. Some practitioners use group sessions, where individuals collectively reminisce about shared historical events—like the moon landing or the end of a major war—thus creating a sense of communal bonding. Others prefer one-on-one sessions where memory cues are carefully chosen to reflect the personal history of a single participant. Individuals might listen to or discuss music from their formative years, handle objects that were popular decades ago, or read excerpts from newspapers and magazines that evoke distinct time periods in their lives. Professionals can also integrate reminiscence therapy with other approaches, such as validation therapy or music therapy, to address a broad range of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive needs.

The Relationship Between Reminiscence Therapy and Dementia Care

As dementia progresses, individuals often experience growing difficulty with short-term memory and the ability to form new memories. However, many retain clear, long-term memories of events and experiences that happened in their younger years. This phenomenon makes reminiscence therapy particularly relevant for dementia care, as it harnesses relatively preserved areas of memory function. Drawing upon past experiences that are still somewhat intact can be reassuring and fulfilling. It not only helps individuals express themselves more confidently but also fosters meaningful social interaction in a situation that might otherwise be dominated by confusion and frustration.

When used with dementia patients, reminiscence therapy sessions often focus on pleasurable or significant experiences: a favorite holiday tradition, a memorable family gathering, or cherished hobbies. Offering gentle prompts about these happy events can help re-establish emotional connections. Caregivers and practitioners sometimes observe that when an individual with dementia recounts a warm memory, they become visibly calmer or more engaged. These emotional benefits can carry over even after the session ends. Moreover, reminiscence therapy helps reduce feelings of isolation, as family members and friends often take part in the sessions. Research from the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry has indicated that group-based reminiscence sessions can even improve the sense of community among care home residents.

That said, reminiscence therapy for dementia may require special precautions. Not all memories are pleasant, and occasionally, the recall of traumatic or sorrowful experiences can trigger distress. Therefore, it is crucial to have a supportive and well-trained facilitator who is sensitive to potentially painful memories. In many structured settings, reminiscence therapy protocols include built-in safeguards: participants are not pressured to share anything they find upsetting, and guidelines often recommend transitioning to more neutral or positive topics when emotional distress surfaces. When conducted thoughtfully, reminiscence therapy for dementia can be a powerful approach to nurturing identity, self-esteem, and relational bonds, even as other cognitive faculties decline.

Benefits of Reminiscence Therapy for Older Adults

Reminiscence therapy offers multiple layers of benefits for older adults, extending beyond purely cognitive advantages. From an emotional standpoint, it can help mitigate symptoms of anxiety or depression by shifting focus to uplifting or meaningful memories. According to a 2017 study in Aging & Mental Health, structured life review exercises have been linked to reduced depressive symptoms among older adults, especially when integrated into a broader supportive environment. By cultivating pleasant recollections, participants often observe a renewed sense of purpose, pride, and accomplishment, which fosters positive feelings.

Another essential benefit is the enhancement of interpersonal connections. Social support is a cornerstone of well-being for older adults, yet isolation is a common challenge among seniors. Reminiscence therapy groups can bring together people who have shared generational experiences, prompting them to talk about significant cultural events, reminiscing about particular music or television shows from their youth, or reflecting on romantic milestones that others in the group might have also encountered. This setup builds community through shared experiences, decreasing loneliness, and can lead to new friendships rooted in mutual understanding and respect.

Cognitively, reminiscence therapy stimulates memory recall and may support residual capacities. While it is not a cure for dementia or age-related memory decline, the act of remembrance strengthens neural pathways that remain functional. Particularly for those in earlier stages of cognitive impairment, these exercises can help maintain memory clarity for longer periods, or at least slow the sense of fragmentation that comes with advancing dementia. Moreover, these cognitive benefits often overlap with behavioral improvements. Seniors who experience fewer frustrations and greater self-confidence in their ability to recall life events may exhibit a reduced tendency toward aggression or wandering behaviors, as suggested in studies on non-pharmacological interventions for dementia.

Designing Effective Reminiscence Therapy Sessions

The design and structure of a reminiscence therapy session can greatly influence its efficacy. Practitioners often begin by identifying a core theme or prompt. Examples of prompts might revolve around childhood relationships, holiday celebrations, turning points such as a wedding or career milestone, or even everyday routines from a particular decade. When working with those who have moderate to severe dementia, including sensory cues becomes critical. Visual aids like a photo of the participant's hometown, audio cues such as period-specific music, or tactile objects such as a classic toy can help spark more vivid recollections. Caregivers also take into account any cultural nuances or personal preferences.

Sessions can feasibly last anywhere from a brief 15-minute conversation to a 45-minute structured group setting, depending on the needs and attention spans of participants. Effective facilitators remain attentive to changes in mood or difficulty in recalling details, sometimes redirecting the conversation gently if a particular memory segment becomes too distressing or confusing. In many care facilities, personal notebooks or "memory boxes" are used to store items like letters, postcards, or other memorabilia. These artifacts can become focal points during therapy, giving participants tangible items to handle and discuss. Such approaches ensure that emotional connections remain positive, and that the therapy experience feels personal and engaging for everyone involved.

Concluding each session on a comfortable, affirming note is also essential. Facilitators might briefly summarize the positive memories shared, or invite participants to express how talking about the past made them feel. This closure step reinforces the meaningful aspects of reminiscence therapy, leaving participants with a sense of emotional satisfaction. In some cases, caregivers might help the participant articulate a short reflection—something along the lines of, "I had a wonderful family holiday tradition when I was a child; we used to bake pies together." This reflection can serve as a sweet anchor, carrying the emotional benefit forward into the rest of the day.

Reminiscence Therapy Activities for Dementia

There is a broad spectrum of activities that can fuel the therapeutic benefits of reminiscence for individuals with dementia. Sensory experiences often feature prominently. Music from a person's teenage years, for example, can quickly unlock associations and feelings. Research from the World Journal of Psychiatry reveals that music can evoke autobiographical memories more reliably than other sensory stimuli, making it an ideal starting point for a reminiscence session. Playing songs from the participant's youth, encouraging gentle movement to the beat, or even singing along can provide a deeply immersive and joyful encounter with the past.

Other sensory-based activities include using recognizable scents such as lavender, vanilla, or baking aromas reminiscent of a childhood kitchen. If an older adult enjoyed gardening in their younger days, facilitating the smell of fresh soil or certain types of flowers may trigger meaningful recollections. Similarly, tactile objects like familiar tools or baby clothes can be effective prompts, especially for individuals who may not respond as strongly to visual or auditory cues. Some care homes set up "memory corners" or "memory rooms," where participants are surrounded by themed artifacts from a specific era, like a 1950s-style kitchen or an old-fashioned sewing station. These environments can be powerful in evoking memories and stories.

Verbal discussions remain the foundation of many reminiscence therapy sessions, and these discussions can take many shapes. Facilitators might ask open-ended questions about what life was like at a certain age or about a noteworthy tradition. Family members can join in by sharing consistent stories, gently nudging the participant to add their perspective. In some cases, more structured storytelling techniques are used, where a short narrative—written or orally narrated—is presented, and participants are encouraged to relate it to their personal experiences. Importantly, caregivers keep an eye on the tempo of the conversation, making sure not to overwhelm participants with too many details or rapid-fire questions.

Free Reminiscence Activities for the Elderly

One common misconception is that meaningful reminiscence therapy requires expensive materials or extensive preparation. In reality, there are many free or low-cost approaches that families, friends, and caregivers can implement nearly anywhere. A simple conversation about the participant's hometown, favorite vacation spot, or first job can have a powerful impact. Photographs—especially old family albums—are another freely available asset. Sitting together and looking at photographs of weddings, birthdays, or daily life experiences can prompt a steady flow of memories and topics for discussion without requiring additional resources.

Another accessible tool is the public library. Many libraries have archives containing local history documents, old newspapers, and even audio recordings or documentaries on historical events. Checking out these materials can be a cost-free way of creating new conversation starters. Reading old newspaper headlines together allows older adults to talk about what they were doing at the time of significant historical events. The act of reading can also stimulate cognitive engagement. Museums and historical societies sometimes have open, no-cost days or online portals showcasing photographs and historical exhibits. Browsing through these can conjure up fascinating conversations and recollections, especially if they connect closely to the participant's childhood or young adulthood environment.

Walking through a familiar neighborhood or revisiting a well-loved community landmark can also be a powerful free reminiscence activity. An older adult might enjoy seeing their old church, workplace, or the park where their children used to play. The physical presence in these locations can invoke memories that might not surface in a clinical setting. Of course, safety and comfort need to be taken into account, but for those who are still mobile enough to handle short trips, going back to meaningful places can be incredibly rewarding. These simple but deeply personal activities can reinforce a sense of identity and continuity for older adults, particularly those living with dementia who might feel as though life is constantly changing in unpredictable ways.

Topics for Reminiscence and Storytelling

Choosing suitable topics for reminiscing sessions is both a science and an art. Generally, themes related to early adult life, adolescence, or childhood can be productive, as these memories are often better preserved. Potential themes include favorite pastimes, significant family traditions, romantic relationships, important milestone celebrations, such as birthdays or anniversaries, or key cultural events that shaped the participant's generation. For example, older adults who grew up during wartime may have strong recollections of rationing and community mobilization, while those who lived through certain technological surges may remember the arrival of the first television set or early broadcasts.

Facilitators frequently draw on universal milestones, like the experience of motherhood or fatherhood, the transition to a first job, or the joy of decorating a holiday tree each December. Nevertheless, personalizing these topics to fit individual life paths matters as well. A participant who loved to cook might readily recall the aroma of certain dishes or the details of a family recipe, while someone else might come to life when talking about tinkering with old cars or reorganizing a personal workshop. Tailored subject matter ensures that sessions remain authentic and engaging, rather than feeling forced or superficial.

While pleasant or neutral topics are popular, it is worth noting that some older adults may choose to discuss more difficult memories as well, such as losing a loved one or enduring hardships. The practice can still be healing if handled sensitively. Skilled facilitators respect these choices but also stay attentive to the emotional impact. Participants should never feel cornered into discussing painful subjects unless they willingly opt to explore them. The aim is to provide space for honest reflection while also fostering emotional safety and positivity, a balance that can be achieved with careful monitoring and empathy.

How Reminiscence Therapy Enhances Social and Emotional Well-Being

For older adults who face social isolation, especially when family members are far away or when mobility issues limit their opportunities to interact, reminiscence therapy can be a gateway to improving their sense of connection. The sessions often revolve around storytelling, which is inherently interactive. By sharing stories, participants not only revive their own sense of identity but also invite others into their world, allowing authentic bonds to form. The social dimension is further magnified in group settings, where people can discover surprising commonalities. They may have attended a similar music concert decades ago or experienced the same local festival.

Emotional well-being is closely tied to a person's ability to communicate their thoughts and needs. Dementia can impede this ability in real-time discussions, but recollection of older memories sometimes remains accessible. Through guided reminiscence therapy, older adults can re-activate these communication channels. Even if the details of a memory are incomplete or if chronological order gets mixed up, the emotional essence of the story still carries weight. Caregivers can validate these emotional truths, reinforcing a positive sense of self-worth. In many published case studies, individuals with dementia appear calmer and more satisfied after sharing a meaningful memory, even if it is only partially recalled.

Another social reward emerges when relatives participate in reminiscence sessions. Family members often learn new stories about their loved one's past, forging deeper connections and greater compassion. The older adult may take pride in revealing something unique, like the fact they were a star athlete in high school or once lived abroad. The reciprocal nature of such interactions can help family members better empathize with their loved one's situation. This strengthening of family ties can be crucial not only for the older adult's well-being but also for the family's own understanding of how to offer compassionate care.

Adapting Reminiscence Therapy for Different Stages of Dementia

Dementia spans a wide spectrum, from mild cognitive impairment to severe decline. Accordingly, reminiscence therapy must be adapted to match an individual's stage and capacity. In the early stages, participants might still have fairly robust recall of personal details, so facilitators might encourage in-depth conversations, sometimes involving written exercises or the creation of memory scrapbooks. These activities can help lay the groundwork for later stages by gathering the stories and artifacts that will prove invaluable when short-term memory deteriorates further. Relatives often seize this opportunity to record anecdotes and sort through old photographs together, preserving these valuable recollections of the past.

For those in moderate stages of dementia, sessions often rely more heavily on sensory prompts. Facilitators keep discussions more concise, allowing participants to respond at their own pace. Visual or auditory stimuli can serve as catalysts for memory, but the conversation might involve simpler language and more gentle prompts. It is also wise to minimize the number of new details introduced into the conversation, focusing instead on verifying and expanding the memories that naturally surface. Emotional validation becomes increasingly important, as individual responses may be less structured. Affirming the feelings and significance behind a recollection can be just as impactful as verifying the exact details.

In the advanced stages, communication might be quite limited, and older adults may become non-verbal or show substantial disorientation. Reminiscence therapy can still play a role here by using tactile or auditory stimuli that evoke a calming reaction. Even if individuals cannot verbally articulate what they recognize, they might respond to familiar music by tapping their fingers or humming. A soft blanket or a particular type of flower that was once meaningful can sometimes spark recognition or soothe agitation. These sessions often center on gentle emotional comfort rather than extensive conversation. Caregivers observe subtle signs of engagement, such as tension in the shoulders easing or a spark of interest in the eyes, as evidence that some level of reminiscence is still occurring internally.

Challenges and Ethical Considerations

While reminiscence therapy offers a wealth of benefits, facilitators should also be mindful of potential pitfalls. One challenge involves the unintentional triggering of traumatic or unsettling memories. For instance, veterans might recall harsh wartime experiences, or survivors might relive difficult family situations. It is essential to acknowledge that reminiscence therapy is not universally pleasant and to provide proper emotional support. Skilled practitioners often have training in active listening and crisis intervention, ensuring that participants do not emerge from sessions feeling worse than when they started.

Another consideration is the pressure that older adults may feel to remember certain events. If someone struggles to recall details, they may experience frustration, embarrassment, or a sense of inadequacy. Facilitators need to maintain a supportive environment, emphasizing that partial or fuzzy recollections are still valid pieces of the personal puzzle. The therapy's objective is not to measure or test memory accuracy but to stimulate positive engagement with whatever recollections are accessible. According to the National Institute on Aging, an atmosphere of acceptance and patience is crucial for maximizing the efficacy of any memory-related intervention. The overall dignity and autonomy of the older adult should remain at the forefront.

Finally, issues can arise around cultural sensitivity and privacy. Everyone's life story is unique, and some individuals come from backgrounds where openly sharing personal experiences is not customary. In these cases, it may take longer to build trust. Additionally, personal stories might involve private details that participants do not wish to disclose broadly. Facilitators and group members should respect confidentiality and avoid pressuring someone to share more than they are comfortable articulating. Ideally, the guidelines for each reminiscence session are explained in advance so that participants and their families fully understand what the experience entails.

Practical Suggestions for Implementing Reminiscence Therapy

Implementing reminiscence therapy can be straightforward in many settings, from professional care homes to private homes. One of the most valuable starting points involves gathering a small "toolkit" of memory prompts. These might include photographs, letters, postcards, or small keepsakes that have personal significance. Often, families collect these items in one box or folder so that they are readily available for an impromptu session. Caregivers can introduce one piece at a time, exploring each item's story, whether it is a postcard from a family trip or an old recipe card bearing a relative's handwriting. Taking a gentle, curious approach often works well, especially if the older adult has not engaged in formal reminiscence before.

Many care facilities integrate reminiscence therapy into daily routines rather than treating it as a separate, scheduled activity. For example, during a meal, a staff member might ask what sorts of foods the older adult enjoyed when they were younger, prompting fond recollections or even jokes about cooking mishaps. Turning daily tasks into moments for reminiscing can enrich the environment without demanding extra resources. Of course, special group sessions, perhaps in a recreation room, can also be beneficial if the facility has the staff to organize them. A staff member might choose a weekly theme—like summer vacations—and play era-specific music as a backdrop for the discussion.

Family involvement is a powerful resource in reminiscence therapy. Loved ones provide continuity, helping connect older stories to the present day. For instance, a grandchild might ask about the older adult's experiences at their age, forging a multi-generational link. Respectful dialogue fosters a sense of legacy, as the older adult can pass on wisdom and personal accounts to the next generation. According to the Alzheimer's Association, intergenerational conversations not only enrich the older adult's sense of self but also help younger family members appreciate the history and resilience inherent in their lineage.

Research Evidence and Efficacy

The efficacy of reminiscence therapy is backed by a growing body of research, though it is important to note that results can vary by individual. Randomized controlled trials cited in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society have demonstrated that older adults who participate in structured reminiscence sessions often display reduced levels of depressive symptoms compared to control groups receiving conventional social activities. Additional qualitative studies indicate that caregivers perceive a positive shift in mood and communication abilities among those with dementia following reminiscence interventions. Moreover, certain neuroimaging studies suggest that recalling long-term memories can activate brain regions that remain relatively unaffected by early or moderate stages of dementia, potentially contributing to an overall sense of well-being.

Despite these positive indicators, reminiscence therapy should not be considered a stand-alone remedy. Its most substantial impact generally emerges when combined with other supportive measures such as medication management, physical exercise, balanced nutrition, and social engagement programs that address the full spectrum of needs in older adults. However, given its relatively low cost, ease of implementation, and minimal risk of adverse reactions, many dementia care guidelines now recommend reminiscence therapy as a beneficial supplement to standard care. In real-world settings, families and professionals increasingly rely on reminiscence sessions as a key strategy to encourage mental stimulation, build rapport, and enrich daily life for seniors living with dementia.

Conclusion

Reminiscence therapy stands out as a vital, human-centered approach in the realm of dementia care and for supporting older adults more broadly. By activating preserved long-term memories, it empowers individuals whose sense of identity may be threatened by memory loss. The practice can be readily adapted to suit different stages of dementia, making it a flexible and inclusive strategy. Whether sessions are formalized and led by skilled therapists or simply take place as spontaneous conversations over family photo albums, the core mission remains the same: to reaffirm personal history, validate emotions, and foster deeper connections between the older adult, their caregivers, and the broader community.

From a practical perspective, it is comforting to know that many reminiscence activities are available at no or low cost, ranging from the simple act of conversation to the use of family keepsakes, local library archives, and neighborhood visits. Indeed, this accessibility underlines the approachability and universality of reminiscence therapy. Although it should be navigated with sensitivity—especially around painful or traumatic memories—its potential to enhance emotional equilibrium and social involvement is significant for many seniors. Families often find that hearing their loved one's stories in a structured setting deepens mutual understanding and affection, bridging some of the gaps that cognitive impairment can create.

Weaving together historical context, personal experiences, research findings, and anecdotal evidence, reminiscence therapy continues to evolve as a pillar of geriatric care. Its psychological, social, and emotional benefits complement more conventional medical treatments, offering a non-pharmacological tool that enhances overall quality of life. In a world where dementia and other age-related challenges affect so many, reminiscence therapy is a reminder that individual narratives, shared memories, and soulful connections remain sources of hope and vitality. For caregivers, clinicians, and families alike, understanding and embracing reminiscence therapy may be one of the most meaningful steps toward honoring the lived experiences of our elders.

Sources (in alphabetical order):

1. Alzheimer's Association. (2021). Dementia Care Practice Recommendations for Professionals Working in a Home Setting. Retrieved from: https://www.alz.org/ (Accessed on relevant date).
2. Butler, R. N. (1963). Life Review: An Interpretation of Reminiscence in the Aged. Psychiatry, 26(1), 65-76.
3. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Various articles on reminiscence therapy between 2015 and 2020.
4. National Institute on Aging. (2020). Caring for a Person with Alzheimer's Disease: Your Easy-to-Use Guide. Retrieved from: https://www.nia.nih.gov/ (Accessed on relevant date).
5. World Journal of Psychiatry. Various articles on music-based interventions for dementia care.

Related Topics

• Dementia
• Emotional Support
• Social Engagement
• Cognitive Health

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